It can but take this as an example.
2 x PCI-E 2.0 x16 (x16/x8 Bandwidth)
What that basically means is that a single lane (or slot) is 16x. Put in two cards however? then it splits the lanes into dual 8x.
Now that is something I know quite a lot about as I had to look hard into that when I needed a (cheap) board to run my 5770 in Crossfire.
Making this uncomplicated you can expect a 15% max decrease in frames over the two cards in dual 8x than you would get in dual 16x. It doesn't make a
massive difference to have 2 16x lanes running side by side, but it is a difference none the less and should be taken into account.
Tom is bang on as usual, I think the P55 is limited to doing that, and you are limited to a choice of two whole motherboards.
X58 seems to come with dual 16x but those boards are more expensive and would require you to buy a new CPU. Welcome to socket tomfoolery, it's really rather bloody annoying.
EDIT.. BTW dude.. I forgot to mention this earlier... This may help you
SLI - driver dependent, card dependent. ONLY two identical GPUs (I think RAM size may be questionable) can be used.
Crossfire - any GPU from the SAME FAMILY can be used. So that means you can add ANY Crossfire capable 5xxx card to yours and strap the buggers. So for example your 5870 used with a 5850, or 5770 etc.
Nvidia tried to make SLI do this a few years ago with Hyrbid SLI and failed in the head. My Crosshair 2 was supposedly able to do it. What they did was put some cruddy thing onboard and then told you that you could SLI it with another Nvidia card. Firstly the drivers were utterly terrible and secondly it just ruined your performance. They discontinued it shortly after and stopped giving out drivers for it.
Argh. Sorry to do this to you dude... OK I have dug up some quick figures for you
Motherboard : ASUS Rampage II Extreme - (X58 chipset dual 16x lanes)
CPU : Intel i7 920 @ 3.6GHz
RAM : 6GB Corsair Platinum @1333mhz
PSU : OCZ 1000w Gold PSU
HDD : 1TB Samsung Spinpoint F1
Monitor : Samsung 2433 24" @ 1920x1200
OS : Windows 7 Ultimate 64
GPU : Sapphire HD5770 x2
Was a set up used here on this site to review the Radeon 5770 Crossfire setup. In Vantage it scored (regular clocks !) around 17,800 for 3d. See here -
http://www.overclock3d.net/reviews/gpu_displays/sapphire_hd5770_crossfire_review/4
Now my system is comprised of the following.
Motherboard : Asrock Alive ! Xfire (£30)
CPU - AMD Phenom 2 940 @ 3.4ghz
RAM : Corsair Dominator PC6400 4gb DDR2 @ 800mhz
PSU : 750w Hipro
ETC. Far inferior to the test rig used here. I scored 14,900 in my first pass. Now I know that the dual 16x helped but the test rig pretty much massacres my machine in every aspect.