imagine your hard drive as an office worker.
With Raid you are adding more office workers to the office.
Now you can do a couple things now that you have 2 office workers.
1. Back up info.
You can use the second worker to do everything the first worker does, same workload, same files etc, so worker 2 has a copy of everything worker 1 has so if worker 1 dies, worker 2 is there to save the day. Now since they are working separately but doing the same thing in duplicate, nothing gets done faster.
2. Share work load.
This is how most people choose to use Raid (0), in this scenario you have the 2 workers working together on 1 of each project, so when a work load comes in, they split up the work, each taking half and get to work at same time. so the work gets done 2x faster.
So in the second type of raid, if you are lets say in a game and at a load screen or starting the game, the hard drive has to search for info then deliver it, this is what you are waiting for in the load screens, but with 2 drives splitting the work, your load times get much shorter. Though you have 2 workers now and they get the work done 2x as fast, they also act as one brain with some of your files or parts of files on one and some on the other. so if a drive fails you are going to be missing half of the total, and with 2 drives you have 2x the chance of having a drive failure.
But thats my take, most of the guys here are Way smarter on these subjects than I, so guys, please feel free to correct me if I got it wrong.