Not gonna lie I'm surprised there was performance issues with the 8-bit parts, G-Code/NC-Code is fairly simple all things considered and you could definitely encode it purely in 7/8-bit ASCII chars, I guess it's the long strings causing issues.
But yeah, you can get realtime 32-bit ARM embedded processors for about £1 a piece if going for a Cortex-M3 models or similar (I assume this is using the popular STM32 family). Generally current 64-bit ARM processors are sold in vastly more expensive complete SoCs, and not really meant for realtime processes ("Really Fast" processors are often actually too slow or inconsistent for things like controlling machinery in the aspects that really count; latency and determinism)